[arista]

[Timeline of India-Pakistan tensions

1947 - Months after British India is partitioned
into a predominantly Hindu India and
a Muslim-majority Pakistan,
the two young nations fight their first war
over control of Muslim-majority Kashmir,
then a kingdom ruled by a Hindu monarch.
The war killed thousands before ending in 1948.

1949 - A UN-brokered ceasefire line leaves
Kashmir divided between India and Pakistan,
with the promise of a UN-sponsored vote
that would enable the region's people
to decide whether to be part of Pakistan
or India. That vote has never been held.

1965 - The rivals fight their second war
over Kashmir. Thousands are killed
in inconclusive fighting before a
ceasefire is brokered by the Soviet Union
and the United States.
Negotiations in Tashkent ran until
January 1966, ending in both sides giving
back territories they seized during the war
and withdrawing their armies.

1971 - India intervenes in a war
over the independence of East Pakistan,
which ends with the territory breaking
away as the new country of Bangladesh.
An estimated 3 million people
are killed in the conflict.

1972 - India and Pakistan sign
a peace accord, renaming the ceasefire line
in Kashmir as the Line of Control,
a heavily fortified stretch of military
outposts that divide the region between them.
Both sides deploy more troops along
the frontier, turning it into a heavily
fortified stretch of military outposts.

1989 - Kashmiri dissidents,
with support from Pakistan,
launch a bloody rebellion against
Indian rule. Indian troops respond
with brutal measures, intensifying
diplomatic and military skirmishes
between New Delhi and Islamabad.

1999 - Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri
fighters seize several Himalayan peaks
on the Indian side of the territory.
India responds with aerial bombardments
and artillery. At least 1,000 combatants
are killed over 10 weeks and a worried
world fears the fighting could escalate
to nuclear conflict. The US eventually
steps in to mediate, ending the fighting.

2016 - Militants sneak into an army
base in Indian-controlled Kashmir,
killing at least 18 soldiers.
India responds by sending special
forces inside Pakistani-held territory,
later claiming to have killed multiple
suspected rebels in 'surgical strikes.'
Pakistan denies that the strikes
take place, but it leads to days of
major border skirmishes.
Combatants and civilians on both
sides are killed.

2019 - The two sides again come
close to war after a Kashmiri insurgent
rams an explosive-laden car into a bus
carrying Indian soldiers, killing 40.
India sends carries out air strikes
in Pakistani territory, claiming to have
struck a militant training facility.
Pakistan later shoot down an
Indian warplane and captures a pilot.
He was later released,
de-escalating tensions.

2025 - Militants attack Indian tourists
in the Pahalgam resort town in
Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir
and kill 26 men, most of them Hindus.
India blames Pakistan for the attack,
something Islamabad denies,
and vows revenge on the attackers,
sending tensions to their highest
point since 2019. Both sides cancel visas
of each other's citizens, recall diplomats,
shut their only land border crossing and
close their airspace to each other.
New Delhi also suspends a
crucial water-sharing treaty with Islamabad.

May 7, 2025 - India launches 'Operation Sindoor',
targeting nine different 'terrorist infrastructure'
sites across Pakistan with airstrikes.
Pakistan responds by shooting down
five Indian fighter planes and attacking Indian
checkpoints in Kashmir.]


From this link:
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/art...brink-war.html